Heinrich Urban (August 27, 1837–November 24, 1901) was a German composer and music teacher, as well as a violinist. He was born and died in Berlin.
As a child, Urban sang in the choir of Berlin Cathedral. He studied violin with Hubert Ries and composition with Ferdinand Laub and Friedrich Kiel, and undertook further study in Paris. He later conducted the Berlin Amateur Orchestra.
His works included the symphonic poem The Pied Piper of Hamelin (1880), the opera Konradin, the symphony Spring, a violin concerto, orchestral overtures including Fiesco and Scheherazade, and chamber and vocal music.
From 1881, Urban taught at the New Academy of Music, later teaching at other institutions and privately. Following his teacher Kiel, he gained a reputation as Berlin's leading composition teacher. His students included Mieczysław Karłowicz, who dedicated his Serenade for Strings, Op. 2 (1898), to him, as well as Josef Hofmann, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Wanda Landowska, Felicjan Szopski, Arthur Bird, Siegfried Ochs, Rudolf Ganz, Georg Liebling, and Olallo Morales.