Roelof Krol (23 September 1911 – 10 July 1972) was a Dutch cellist and conductor. He was born and died in Amsterdam. He was the son of the commercial agent Johannes Krol and Maria Catharina Stephania Vos.
Krol studied cello and piano at the Amsterdam Music Lyceum. After completing his training, he appeared as a soloist with orchestras throughout the Netherlands. From 1934 to 1949 he was married to the Belgian pianist Solange Cats, with whom he performed chamber music; he later married Annie Hoegen.
In 1941 Krol joined the Concertgebouw Orchestra as a cellist. From 1945 to 1952 he conducted the Amsterdam amateur symphony orchestra Con Brio, helping to revive the ensemble. He also led the Toonkunst Orchestra of Zaandam from 1947 to 1954.
From 1950 he combined this work with a conducting post at the Radio Chamber Orchestra of the Netherlands Radio Union, sharing the position with Maurits van den Berg. He continued to give performances with broadcasting orchestras and ensembles until his death. At the Northern Philharmonic Orchestra, he served as first second conductor alongside Jan van Epenhuysen and then as interim conductor from 1961 to 1964, preparing his successor Charles de Wolff for the post.
Krol favoured contemporary music and introduced Dutch works abroad, including in Belgium with the NIR Orchestra and in England. Peter Schat dedicated his Concerto da camera (1960) to Krol and the Radio Chamber Orchestra, and Jan van Vlijmen dedicated Serenata I per 12 strumenti e percussione to them in 1964. His programmes included works by Hans Werner Henze, Paul Hindemith, Arnold Schoenberg and Schat, and he conducted Henk Badings's Jonah in 1962 and Oscar van Hemel's Het Wilhelmus in 1963. He also performed Baroque music.
He was an honorary member of the Gaudeamus Foundation.