Solomon Khromchenko was a Soviet lyric tenor and teacher. Born Solomon Markovich Khromchenko on 4 December 1907 in Zlatopol, he sang as a chorister in a synagogue choir in Odesa during his childhood. He was noted for a soft, flexible voice, clear diction, and precise musical phrasing.
From 1927 to 1929, Khromchenko studied at the Kyiv Music Vocational School. He graduated in 1932 from the Mykola Lysenko Kyiv Higher Institute of Music and Drama, where he studied singing with M. M. Engel-Kron, and completed postgraduate study at the Moscow Conservatory in 1935 under Ksenia Dorliak. He was also a soloist with the Jewish Academic Choir in Kyiv.
From 1934 to 1956, he was a soloist at the Bolshoi Theatre. During the Second World War, he performed with frontline concert brigades. From 1956 to 1962, he worked for the All-Union Concert Association, and from 1961 taught at the Gnesins Moscow Music and Pedagogical Institute. He became an associate professor in 1974 and a professor in 1982.
Khromchenko won recognition for an extensive operatic and concert repertoire. He performed arias and romances by Russian classical composers including Mikhail Glinka, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, and Sergei Rachmaninoff; works by Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Felix Mendelssohn, and Johannes Brahms; music by Soviet composers; and Neapolitan and Yiddish Jewish folk songs. He toured widely abroad. In 1933, he received third prize at the All-Union Competition of Performing Musicians in Moscow.
In 1991, Khromchenko moved to Israel, where he continued his concert and teaching work and trained young singers as a professor at the Rubin Academy of Music in Jerusalem. He returned to Russia in 2000. He died in Moscow on 20 January 2002 and was buried in the columbarium of Donskoye Cemetery. His honors included the title Honored Artist of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1947, the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1951, and the title Honored Art Worker of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1984.