Vsevolod Petrovich Rybalchenko (23 August 1904 – 2 February 1988) was a Ukrainian Soviet composer and teacher. He was born in Kharkiv, in the Russian Empire, and died in Kyiv.
In 1931, Rybalchenko graduated from the Kharkiv Music and Drama Institute, where he studied composition with Semyon Bogatyrev. From 1931 to 1934, he taught theoretical subjects at the Kharkiv Music and Theatre Technical School. He worked in Kyiv from 1944.
His works include the operas Perekop and Haidamaky, both written jointly with Yuliy Meitus and Mykhailo Tits. For symphony orchestra he wrote a suite based on Ukrainian folk songs, the second suite Youth, a symphonic poem, and the Cheerful Overture. He also composed numerous romances to texts by Taras Shevchenko, Mikhail Lermontov, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Maksym Rylsky, and Volodymyr Sosiura.